Re: "Aquariumizing" A large Ball mason jar into a lamp
Well, anything that stays small - micro swords (brazilian and otherwise), marsilea minuta, dwarf hair grass, helanthium tenellum (especially since the jar is decently tall), etc. All of these would require a decent nutritive substrate - dirt of some kind like aquasoil, mineralized soil, etc. Capping it with sand should help minimize algae. You wouldn't have to fertilize a setup like this - at least not the water column and not for a long time. An inch of dirt on the bottom, 1.5" max, should do the job.
You could try stem plants, but you'd have to add ferts to the water column regularly and you'd have to trim them.